Module 4 SLP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Module 4 SLP - Assignment Example So as to have a fruitful promoting effort, there is a requirement for compelling and effective conveyance instruments for the company’s items as they are taken to goals where shoppers can access and buy them (Perner n.d.). Nonetheless, before turning out of these administrations there is the requirement for an issue investigation to build up the examples and approaches that will be required for the accomplishment of this angle. The SWOT examination and essential exploration was useful in recognizing key issues that would give the organization a bleeding edge in the promoting and generally position in the market. A portion of the issues included reinforcing human capital through inner trainings and presentation to different current methodologies in item plan, improvement and advertising. In all business and hierarchical practices, human capital has kept on being sorted as the absolute most significant asset for any business or association. Human capital is liable for defining objectives and targets just as creating procedures to accomplish the specific objectives and destinations. In building up an appropriation and showcasing plan, the organization needs to prepare advertising work force on a portion of the different kinds of showcasing and item advancement rehearses that are pertinent in the changing business sector designs. Other than preparing, the organization needs to assemble and expand its ability on setting and accomplishing dissemination and showcasing targets. All staff engaged with showcasing ought to be made mindful of different procedures that are utilized by rival organizations when advertising their items. Along these lines, it is conceivable to make various methodologies that will build up the truly necessary upper hand. In the wake of changing advertising designs, numerous organizations have become making being developed and showcasing of their items. Headway in innovation has given a superior stage whereupon organizations can devise imaginative methods of

Advertising and the Twentieth Century Free Essays

string(59) penance most everything to benefit the war effort. One might say this was publicizing himself. In 3200 B. C. We will compose a custom paper test on Publicizing and the Twentieth Century or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now , papyrus shows up in antiquated Egypt. This paper like material made it workable for banners and deal messages to be composed for the offer of merchandise. In 1 00 BC, political banners and crusade publicizing became well known remembering negative promotions for Roman culture. The primary mobile sort print framework was imagined in 1 040 A. D. This framework innovation made textual styles typography. After 400 years the versatile print machine is made by the German printer Johannes Gutenberg; therefore, making large scale manufacturing Of the composed word and publicizing conceivable. What's more, nil 647, the principal paper advertisement attempts to sell the book â€Å"The Divine Right of Church Government†. The principal announcement was presented in New York City in a 1 835 ad for the carnival. A huge number of long periods of progressions helped clear the way to the blast of the promoting scene that would happen in the following century and change America until the end of time. Start of another time. The 1 ass’s saw industrialism and commercialization meet up to shape an American culture of utilization. Publicizing was an influential method for advancing this new and energetic buyer culture. 1 Advertising n the early backtalk was basically setting declarations in papers and magazines. As mediums changed and roads for arriving at the open extended, promotions immediately showed up each. N. ‘here. With this much publicizing besieging the general population and convincing them to approve their self-esteem by the items they buy; it got inserted in people’s day by day lives; accordingly, classes and societal position were as a rule obviously set apart as the â€Å"haves† and â€Å"have nose†. Presentations of this recently obtained riches were seen all over America, particularly in urban regions, where the greater part of the rich hung out ND attempted to exceed each other with showcases of their riches. Despite the fact that the rich were focused in these promotions, an ever-expanding white collar class America had started to purchase machine made products bec ause of an expansion of extra cash that past ages didn't have. As America transformed from a nation of humble communities into a nation of occupied urban areas, promoting assumed a key job in the belief system of Americans. The possibility of comfort was a significant selling point in one’s life whether it be in the home, recreation, or individual preparing. The sass’s America was quickly changing into a modernization society. A few models re: fast development because of railways, banking foundation that made the mass customer commercial center conceivable, and more Americans presently lived and worked in urban areas; without a doubt, constraining them to rapidly advance in this consistently changing social and monetary condition. With this evolving America, sponsors had three significant focuses to battle with. Initially, sponsors expected to locate a significance in this ever changing and complex bureaucratic world. 3 Modern solaces and ways of life were definitely unique in relation to what recently was a significant piece of life’s fundamental needs, for example, food, dress, and apparatuses. Individuals expected to discover new significance to this automated routine they lived. Promoters were there to give the majority items and purchaser merchandise that would have critical importance in their lives, regardless of how momentary. Second, promoters needed to give purported â€Å"solutions† to a significant number of these new issues that advanced life proposed. This quicker pace of life appeared to be exceptionally disappointing subsequently, promoters tried to facilitate the mental weights by helping individuals accept that the merchandise they were buying for the most recent and most dynamic item accessible would help them ordinary n the rushing about of current life. Accordingly, this changed as requirements and items changed. A family was given straightforward data, regularly outwardly, on how the thing would help fix issues of cutting edge life. At long last, sponsors made another standard of direct. Industrialization, city living, and an ever-developing push toward bureaucratic chain of importance making social association progressively intricate. 4 Whether standard of direct, design, novel advances, or crazes, for the greater part of Americans these were found through national promoting. The level of how much promoting extended in the backtalk can be found in the numbers. All out promoting volume in the United States expanded roughly from 206 million of every 1 900 to around 682 million follower and afterward arrived at 1,409 million by 1919. 5 By taking a gander at these numbers it is anything but difficult to perceive how fast development of national publicizing prospered during this decade. Another key territory publicists focused on was American ladies. Sponsors saw that magazines, for example, Cosmopolitan, Ladies Home Journal, and Saturday Evening post were the most ideal approach to arrive at the urban working class, and help them to comprehend and adapt to the multifaceted nature of present day life through their various items and products. Rodents, for example, Budweiser, Coca-Cola, Gillette razors, Ford vehicles, and Wriggles gum began promoting vigorously during this time. Promoting in the Great War In April 191 7, America entered World War l. Right now promoting was not another thing in America, however the message needed to change. Rather than promoters attempting to sell items they needed to attempt to sell a war that America had been unbiased on for a long while. Eight days after the war began Pres. Wilson framed The Committee on Public Information. Pres. Wilson selected George Creel, a maligner from Kansas City and Denver, to head he board of trustees. 6 Pres. Wilson accepted that this board of trustees was basic to convince American residents to help the war. The ICP involved roughly 1 50,000 Americans, and it is evaluated that the ICP delivered 700 banner plans, 122 transport and streetcar cards, 31 0 publicizing delineations, and 287 kid's shows during its reality. These advertisements helped the country meet up with a feeling of patriotism assisting with advancing volunteerism and gifts. These specialists over and again pulled at American’s feeling of obligation, energy, and compassion. The Roaring Twenty During World War l, Americas were asked by the legislature to apportion their utilization of fuel and food and to forfeit most everything to benefit the war exertion. You read Publicizing and the Twentieth Century in class Papers When the war finished, promoters got the opportunity to sparkle once more. In the previous decade, Americans could characterize themselves in such ways as, race, ethnicity, religion and legislative issues. Americans had started to characterize themselves with houses, vehicles, garments, and different items and administrations they purchased. In the 192(Yes, most Americans had more cash than in the earlier decade. Likewise, most had a conviction that progressively material products spoke to more achievement and present day publicizing powered this idea like never before. With the utilization of boards, papers, magazines and radio plugs, sponsors overflowed the market with the need to buy their items, saying it could change people groups lives by improving their wellbeing, security, magnificence, and daresay their whole existence. Promoters were corrupt at that point. A few ads would play on the mental needs and fears in individuals, for example, telling someone that utilizing a specific soup demonstrated more nurturing love than another, or that a toothpaste, cleanser or cleanser purchased from the impetigo could hurt you or your family. One of the best ways publicists advertised items was the intrigue to innovation. Innovation rose to advance and thus was viewed as consequently alluring. Organizations, for example, the Campbell Soup Co. Persuaded ladies to attempt dense soup on the grounds that the can was anything but difficult to open and all the more critically the â€Å"modern path ‘ of making soup. Different promoters would go after the feelings of trepidation of some as though that looking good old could really influence one’s individual life by potentially losing a mate to losing an employment to losing one’s dignity. On the there hand, promoters utilize against present day advert isements to individuals that accomplished uneasiness because of the quick paced, mass utilization, forward innovation, and debasement of long-standing customary qualities. Post Bran Flakes, for instance, indicated a disappointed representative running to work. The advertisement needed to pass on that eating their grain would advance great wellbeing and quieting in spite of living in the cutting edge world. Advertisement organizations in the 1 ass’s comprised for the most part of school graduates with degrees in promoting and business. They had been prepared to utilize statistical surveying and figured out how to follow shopper reaction o certain items and advertisements through insights, reviews, and other logical techniques; along these lines making publicizing just about a science in itself. The Great Depression years The sass’s, Jazz Age, The Roaring ass’s were long periods of publicizing wantonness. The decade even received a word to depict its way to deal with selling called â€Å"Ballyhoo†; a term utilized in the nineteenth century that intended to misrepresent outrightly, to get consideration in any case conceivable. 8 By 1929 publicizing incomes topped at 53. 4 billion dollars. Motel Ethel 9205, publicists hardest activity was the tell individuals the best way to go through their cash. Generally, the open acknowledged this laissez-more attractive; the economy was solid and the administration self-satisfied. After the Great Crash of 1 929, everything changed in an occurrence. Promoters were in a problem. Should they go about nothing new or publicize about the emergency occurring. Despite the fact that promoting didn’t talk about the downturn straightforwardly, publicizing changed. Publicizing stayed generally brilliant and merry. Promotions were progressively equipped towards the worth items and administrations as opposed to the requirements and need not’s of the greedy sassâ?

Business Analysis of Apple Inc. free essay sample

Business Analysis of Apple Incorporated Sarah Norton MGT/521 May 16, 2011 Jerry Davis Business Analysis of Apple Incorporated Apple Incorporated is an organization that has positively influenced planning and advertising hardware, PC programming, and PCs. Some of Apple Incorporated’s most prominent items incorporate the Macintosh PC, the iSeries; iPod, iPhone, and iPad. Alongside these PC applications Apple Incorporated likewise runs the iTunes store; an interactive media site where music, films, and network shows. There marking virtuoso has prompted $65. 23 billion dollars in deals in 2010. Seeing Apple Incorporated as a shared store administrator it is essential to play out a business investigation of the organization to choose if it is insightful to put resources into this organization. SWOT Analysis The quality of Apple Incorporated incorporates solid brand picture and advertised budgetary execution. Shortcomings of Apple Incorporated are item review and the serious market of gadgets including IBM, HPQ, and Dell. Open doors for Apple Incorporated incorporate interest for cell phones and proceeded with development of requirement for portable PCs as society has gotten progressively versatile and requirements for innovation thrive. We will compose a custom paper test on Business Analysis of Apple Inc. or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Dangers to the development of Apple Incorporated incorporate rivalry, reliance on explicit providers, and ecological worry that Apple Incorporated is certifiably not a green organization. The partners of Apple Incorporated incorporate investors, moneylenders, apple representatives, producers and their workers, clients, providers, and the music business. All partners have remarkable interests in the efficiency and improvement of Apple Incorporated items. Investors are searching for development and the opportunity to increase an arrival on their speculations. As the organization develops and wins more cash stock goes up and gives investors trust in Apple Incorporated Lenders have personal stake on progress and advancement of Apple Incorporated in light of the fact that the foundations need the organization to succeed and can reimburse obligations earned. Workers of Apple Incorporated need the business to succeed so they can keep on having strong employments in the business. There are at present 46,660 full-time and 8000 low maintenance representatives at Apple Incorporated. Makes and their workers need Apple Incorporated to keep on making item to keep their organizations prospering and hold business. Providers of Apple Incorporated items need the business to thrive so they can put up item for sale to the public. Last the music business has personal stake in Apple Incorporated to keep on offering types of assistance that will grow their organizations and income. As of now music marks win around 70% of the income driven by downloading marked craftsman music. With the music industry’s dependence on moving with innovation revenue driven, they see a need to satisfy customer’s needs of having the option to get the music the individual in question need to buy no sweat. The significance of all partners who might be influenced by Apple Incorporated’s development and advancement makes it critical to assess shrewdly SWOT information to check whether it is adequate to put further in the organization. Putting resources into Apple Incorporated Apple Incorporated’s strength’s lies in its marking stage. Their logo of a nibbled apple is perceived universally. The iSeries keeps on being sought after and held as the highest quality level. Smooth, vivid structure and contact screen application are a portion of the contributions brought to showcase from Apple Incorporated Sales have kept on detonating with each new age of items discharged. Macintosh Incorporated keeps on taking a shot at more enhanced items that would consider numerous frameworks utilization on one PC. This would permit the client to utilize Apple Incorporated MacIntosh PCs related to Microsoft. This would permit the client a decision to utilize the best application to finish tasks and work existing desk work together. Apple Incorporated’s budgetary execution keeps on becoming exponentially gaining $24,578 million all out income in 2007 to $42,905 million all out income in 2009. This is a development pace of 32. 1%, giving investors trust in the development of Apple Incorporated. The shortcomings of Apple Incorporated incorporate item review; Apple Incorporated’s items are perplexing in nature and made by outsider producers. At the point when reviews follow it is harming to Apple Incorporated’s notoriety and can lead the client to one of numerous contenders. Apple Incorporated must pressure the significance of value control and give prompt correction to any items that don't create adequate norm. Apple Incorporated keeps on profiting by the need of cell phones and PC’s. As organizations keep on developing all inclusive, quick input is wanted and correspondence is fundamental. Some normal dangers to Apple Incorporated’s achievement are issues that plague most organizations; rivalry, many brand name organizations are following the patterns of Apple Incorporated turn of events. Apple Incorporated needs to keep on being on the front line of imaginative thoughts. Explicit providers not satisfying elevated expectation must be explored and may lose the capacity to give Apple Incorporated administrations to the client. They perform month to month reviews and preparing to their provider staff for legitimate treatment and desires in the work environment. Apple Incorporated has been examined in the past for not being a green organization. Apple Incorporated has tended to the worries about being ecologically inviting and posts updates of their advancement legitimately on their site. Apple Incorporated have additionally started an on old framework by back program, delivering vitality proficient items which take little vitality to run, added movement sensor lighting to their plants, and give travel motivations to every single United State representatives to vehicle pool or use biodiesel passenger transports. Budgetary Analysis Comparison To comprehend the money related methods for an organization, surveying the salary articulation, monetary record and income obviously characterizes if the organization merits putting resources into. When thinking about putting away cash and time to a specific organization, it is acceptable to contrast that organizations money related reports and their greatest rivals. Money related Report: Companies |Apple 2010 |Apple 2007 |IBM 2010 |IBM 2007 |Dell 2010 |Dell 2007 | INCOME STATEMENT-all number’s in millions Total Revenue |65,225 |24,578 |99,870 |98,786 |61,494 |57,420 | |Gross Profit |25,684 |8,152 |46,014 |41,728 |11,396 |9,516 | |Operating Income |18,385 |4,407 |18,150 |13,516 |3,433 |3,070 | |Income Before Tax |18,540 |5,006 |19,723 |14,489 |3,350 |3,345 | |Income After Tax |14,013 |3,495 |14,833 |10,418 |2,635 |2,583 | |Net Income Before additional things |14,013 |3,495 |14,833 |10,418 |2,635 |2,583 | |Net Income |14,013 |3,495 |14,833 |10,418 |2,635 |2,583 | BALANCE SHEET Complete Current Assets |41,678 |21,956 |48,116 |53,177 |29,021 |19,939 | |Total Assets |75,183 |25,347 |113,450 |120,432 |38,599 |25,635 | |Total Current Liabilities |20,722 |9,280 |40,562 |44,310 |19,483 |17,791 | |Total Liabilities |27,392 |10,815 |90,404 |91,960 |30,833 |21,196 | |Total Equity |47,791 |14,532 |23,046 |28,469 |7,766 |4,439 | |Total Liabilities Shareholder’s Equity | 75,183 | 25,347 | 113,450 | 120,430 | 38,599 | 25,635 | CASH FLOW Cash From Operating Activities | 18,595 | 5,470 | 19,549 | 16,088 | 3,969 | ,969 | |Cash From Investing Activities | - 13,854 | - 3,249 | - 8,507 | - 4,675 | - 1,165 | 1. 003 | |Cash From Financial Activities | 1,257 | 739 | - 12,429 | - 4,740 | 477 | - 2,551 | |Net Change in Cash | 5,998 | 2,960 | - 1,522 | 6,969 | 3,278 | 2,492 | The above information diagrams a glaring difference between each of the three contenders. Taking a gander at the salary explanation; Apple Incorporated’s all out income developed from $25 million of every 2007 to $65 million out of 2010. In examination, IBM’s all out income just developed from $98 million out of 2007 to $99 million out of 2010. In spite of the fact that IBM’s income is extensively higher they have remained level in the course of recent years where Apple Incorporated has more the multiplied. Dell’s income in 2007 was $57 million and $61 million out of 2010. This is little increment in four years and Apple Incorporated has now outperformed Dell in income earned. Taking a gander at total compensation, Apple Incorporated has developed from $3. 5 million to $14 million, this a market increase of multiple times their all out benefit in four years. IBM and Dell have remained level and not notably expanded their total compensations. Looking at the asset reports of each organization, the absolute liabilities and investor value has again grown multiple times for Apple Incorporated from $25 million out of 2007 to $75 million of every 2010. IBM has diminished from $120 Million of every 2007 to $113 million of every 2010. Dell has not diminished yet has demonstrated attractive change going from $25 million out of 2007 to $38 million out of 2010 contrasted with Apple Incorporated. Income somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2010 for each organization is tremendously unique. Apple Incorporated net change in real money went from $3 million to $6 million. IBM’s income diminished from $7 million to - $1. 5 million and Dell’s development was again insignificant from $2. 5 million out of 2007 to $3 million out of 2010. Investigating the monetary information of the three organizations, Apple Incorporated, IBM, and Dell it becomes evident that Apple is far surpassing desires for development and improvement in the previous four years. With new items in the pipeline and putting $14 million out of 2010 in to new item advancement contrasted with IBM’s contributing of $8. 5 million and Dell’s $1 million, it gives investors certainty that Apple Incorporated will proceed to develop and turn into a solid chief in the business. Putting resources into Apple Incorporatedâ?

Writing A PhD Thesis - Preparing Yourself For The Final Project

Writing A PhD Thesis - Preparing Yourself For The Final ProjectSo, you are in the process of starting your PhD, and now you need to write a doctoral thesis. Well, it is a massive undertaking which can take years, and that is why you need to get started.The thesis has been around for quite some time now, but in more recent times, the doctoral thesis has become something more, a name for that dissertation that are finally written, complete, and ready to publish. After all, if you can't write a dissertation then what good is it as a Ph.D.Your thesis has to be thought out, from start to finish, you have to think of all the problems you will need to solve, and how you can solve them. You need to know everything about yourself, your research, and your faculty. But you need to finish first!So, what should you be looking for when you decide to write a thesis? Well, you should focus on your topic, if you are going into a new area, for example, if you are doing a historical analysis, the more you can do the background work, and your thesis can cover any of those aspects, or even more. Your thesis can use your expertise, your work, and a few bits of history to help make your topic sound interesting.In terms of structure, do you want to make your thesis easier, or harder? Well, you should try to write it in a way that makes it easy for you, and then you have to look at your theme. Themes tend to be more important than topics in many cases, so that is why it is important to look at your theme and base your theme on your dissertation. Also, just because you are working on a thesis, that does not mean you cannot add your own personality and style to it, so it is always a good idea to have a good outline.Thesis co-authorshipis an important consideration, when you are writing a dissertation. You will want to make sure that your thesis is written by a pair of authors, one of whom you don't want to be part of the thesis committee. A thesis committee can bog down the process and c an lead to fights, or arguments on the thesis.As you can see, the thesis is a massive project, and it is going to take a while before you finish it. You need to finish first, and make sure that the thesis you submit to your university is up to par. Remember, it's not just writing a dissertation; it's completing it!

Abstractness of Racism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1499 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racism Essay Did you like this example? The United States of America the piping hot, effervescing â€Å"melting pot of the world†. This term was coined in the late 1880’s due to mass European emigration for various reasons. Instead of refusing these fleeing souls, the idea of acceptance, regardless of race, was universally preached. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Abstractness of Racism" essay for you Create order The melting pot was used to symbolize the creation of a cohesive, new American culture and identity. This, in some ways did occur. However, this preconception is more than wrong. Our society is a salad bowl; an uneven mixture of different ingredients mixed randomly that all come together to represent a salad yet still hold fast to their own, respective identities. This â€Å"salad† has had and still has many problems. Throughout history and in recent times, Racial tensions have proliferated greatly and have become more profound and frequent, raising questions about the future of our nation, due to our inability to resolve these domestic issues. As complicated as these issues are, they are based on the abstract concept that is Race. Race is not real. Race is merely a social category we choose and are influenced to abide by, not something that is scientifically backed nor is it genetically driven. Through the examination of societal implicit biases, the true science behind human identity and appearance and decades of research, the overbearing blanket perspective that Race is hereditary will sanguinely dissolve or change. Conceptual Abstraction: Is Math Racist? To challenge a generalized and accepted notion, one must attack directly. Race is not a biological nor genetic attribute. Race, similar to concepts like Arithmetic, are abstract – â€Å"existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence† and defined as ‘insufficiently factual†, â€Å"difficult to understand† and â€Å"dissociated from any specific instance by Merriam Webster. All of these definitions ring true for the topic of race. Adam Rutherford, British geneticist and author of A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived, states that he is â€Å"unaware of any group of people that can be defined by their DNA in a scientifically satisfactory way† and proceeds to states that in terms of science and â€Å"as far as genetics are concerned, race does not exist† (Rutherford 218-219). With this, Rutherford also states that genetic sciences are founded on the â€Å"studies of racial inequalities of a racistâ⠂¬ . To solidify this argument, that race is abstract we compare it to the previous mentioned abstract concept, mathematics. Francis Galton, the Victorian scientist and half cousin of Charles Darwin, measured the biometrics of different people of different ethnic backgrounds and categorized them, mathematically, through statistics. Galton utilizes this quantitative data to validate He labels Chinese as â€Å"materialistic†, â€Å"Negroes† as vastly inferior, â€Å"Hindoos† as lacking in â€Å"strength and business habits† and that the â€Å"Arab[s]†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are merely â€Å"eaters †¦of other men’s produce†¦ a destroyer† (Rutherford 227). Despite his biased views and corrupted motivation for this development, Galton invented modern statistical tools we continue to use to this day and began the trek in human biometrics. He introduced the idea of â€Å"nature versus nurture†, which propounds conflict between these two factors, when in actuality they work together conjunctly. (Rutherford). Race has played a significant role in the studying and research of genetics. Galton was not the only prominent geneticist who spouted racist views. James Watson, co-discoverer of the double helix structure of DNA – expressed racist views shown by his various tests, measuring the capacity and actuality of human intelligence in different categories, groups and settings, all of which based upon the color of one’s skin (Malloy). Though morally, one wishes that the way he talks about race has no logical legitimacy but there is some truth to it. Jason Malloy states that Watson’s â€Å"Intelligence tests do reveal large differences between European and sub-Saharan African nations, the evidence does link these differences to universally valued outcomes, both within and between nations† (Malloy). One can easily argue that this is due to environmental factors. No research is needed to justify the fact the European cities are more developed than Sub-Saharan communiti es. With development, there is a greater chance for better education and employment. Nonetheless, the science which was developed to validate intellect capacity due to physical differences between humans, has ironically done the opposite; Modern Genetics have proven that there is no essential foundation for people of different groups. The quickest rebuttal to this is the fact that different groups of people have different values in terms of pigmentation. Skin color, and specifically the lightness or darkness, is determined by one gene mutation. Elizabeth Kolbert of the National Geographic explains the simplicity of the difference in skin color as â€Å"the mutation that’s most responsible for giving Europeans lighter skin is a single tweak in a gene known as SLC24A5, which consists of roughly 20,000 base pairs. In one position, where most sub-Saharan Africans have a G, Europeans have an A (Kolbert)†. The difference of one letter, one chemical is the basis for our separation and categorization of humans. Yes, there are various inherited and physical trai ts, the most recognizable being physiognomies, that are concomitant with certain populations, however, these traits do not belong solely to groups they are initially categorized with or with any group. A clear example of this are the physical similarities between various Hispanic people and those of Middle Eastern descent. Common physical features do not equate to common genetics but still are grouped into a racial category. In his article, Rutherford presents this example that Tibetans, who are visually similar to many other Asians, would be grouped as Chinese. However, Tibetans are genetically adapted to high altitude, rendering Chinese people more similar to Europeans than their superficially similar neighbors, in terms of genetics and adaptation (Rutherford). These regional adaptations are concrete, yet the means in which we comprehend and act upon that physical difference is based solely upon the if we categorize these features with other features, which then get grouped as commonalties for a race. Humans are too â€Å"horny and mobile†, and in that way we are the same. We are not separated by Race Race doesn’t exist, yet racism does. A question which is utilized frequently in order to solidify the fact that race is real is that â€Å"If Race Is Not Real, why is Racism Real?† Upon first encounter, one sees it as common sense. There’s no way Race is not real if people still treat others differently. This is the intended point. People and Society naturally categorize things, as stated in the Blindspot. However, one can still choose how they interact and go about this individual or groups of those different from oneself. Back to Math, Statistics, developed by Galton, were solely invented in order to prove White Superiority over other races. Math itself is an abstract concept in which society as a whole has globally accepted as a truth. No one questions if One is One or if 76 is truly 76, it is merely known and understood. Same goes for race. No one questions why we automatically categorize people with attributes. There is nothing wrong with categorizing people into groups, until these groups are inaccur ately labeled in some ways. A group of Jews, whether it be those of Israel or those of the Jewish faith, are a group of Jews, not stingy or frugal. The thin, almost-transparent line between categorization and stereotyping must be broadened, in order to defer this active racism. Additionally, Racism served, and can be argued that it still serves, as justification. The media does an unfortunately excellent job of playing off this tension and vulnerability by utilizing almost a macro-level version of confirmation bias and general stereotypes. The best known examples are White Extremists such as the Ku Klux Klan. Their overtly violent racism is merely justified by the fact that White Culture is American Culture, expressed through chants such as â€Å"You will not replace us†. Another form of justification is the need for them to ameliorate society. Some felt a moral responsibility to Eugenics, the negative connotation of this word, which played a large role in the forced and unknown sterilization of 20,000 minority men and women in California. Seen as helping control poverty and crime in the United States, these medical staff prided themselves as heroes, when really they committed 20,000+ murders. This shows the solidifying of racism. This engrained idealism of racial superiority has plagued our nation for too long. Our natural categorization is not wrong, but the values and that certain groups are branded by are. The word â€Å"Race† typically is utilized in a negative means, in order to differentiate different people. Race was and is a societal construct of institutionalism, developed in order to justify the oppression of those of color. Race is not real, but people who utilize physical and ethnic differences are. The only way to ameliorate this issue is by breaking societal norms and pushing for more integration, breaking known mold that is the â€Å"common† American and smoldering the various ethnic identities into one, conjunctive melting pot.

Thesis Recycling - 1677 Words

Recycling Thesis Statement Recycling is valuable and is one of the most important movements to be encouraged in the 21st century. Introduction Recycling can be described as the process of recovering and reusing waste products from household use, manufacturing, agriculture, and business and thereby reducing their burden on the environment (Recycling, 2009). The concept of recycling popped up during World War I and World War II when the world faced a shortage of essential commodities and this lack of necessary materials led to the collection of required stuff. In the contemporary period, recycling has become a worthwhile and meaningful process that ensures environmental benefits. The waste management programs now employ recycling as a major requisite (Recycling, 2009). Recycling A Vital Need of the Time For the past many years, the basic form of recycling consisted of direct recycling by manufacturers of surplus, imperfect or malfunctioning materials. During the 1990s, however, indirect recycling also became a major form of recycling. Indirect recycling is, in fact, the recycling of materials after they are being consumed by the users. Regrettably, most solid waste has been made a part of landfills or dumps after its deposition in such areas. Consequently, it has led to the filling up of landfills and this dumping of wastes has led to a number of environmental problems. Recycling is the solution to such disposal. It has been found out by the industriesShow MoreRelatedRecycling Informative Speech947 Words   |  4 Pages Is Recycling Important? Attention Getter: According to epa.gov, â€Å"Each person in the United States produces an average of 4 pounds of household hazardous waste each year for a total of about 530,000 tons/year.† Background: Trash continues to increase, as the world continues to last. Easy disposable products such as water bottles and soda cans has led to increasing amount of pollution around the world. Audience Relevance: Recycling is something most people choose to ignore. Recycling helps theRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline The Importance of Recycling Essay702 Words   |  3 Pages Persuasive Speech Outline The Importance of Recycling Title: Recycling General Purpose: To Persuade the audience Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to recycle materials for saving the Earth. Central Idea: You should recycle materials because it can help the Earth save i. Introduction (Attention) A. Attention getter – How many people read a paper on a daily bases? How many people throw it in the trash when they are done? How many people drink some sort of bottled drink throughoutRead MorePersuasive Speech1641 Words   |  7 PagesPersuasive Speech Reduce Landfill Waste by Reduce, Reuse and Recycling and the financial benefits I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Over half of the waste that ends up in the landfill does not belong there because it could have been recycled or reused. B. 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Legal and Ethical Environment of Business †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Legal and Ethical Environment of Business. Answer: Introduction In relation to the case study, James and the family have mostly made considerations in terms of finance leaving other very crucial factors which when overlooked may lead to difficulties while expanding the firm. The decision to expand a firm requires accurate consideration of various factors which starts with the identification of unexploited opportunities which have been well considered, financial factors, operational factors as well as emotional readiness. Most of the above factors have been well considered by James, however, some of the factors have been overlooked: Expansion of any venture requires maximum dedication and commitment as every good thing comes out of dedication and perseverance of pain. Even though James has effortlessly tried to convince the partners, he needs to do more to convince Dave and the accountant. This is because expansion of the firm will require the team to be willing to do what it takes to make the project a success just as his mother (Ferrera et.al 2014). Dave and the accountant must be convinced to be ready to take extra responsibilities, be able to work extended hours and must be willing to accommodate the extra three employees who are yet to join them as part of the expansion team. Since this is missing and management of all the new ventures have been left for James, he must therefore ensure willingness before starting the whole process of expansion. Economic condition is another factor which James have not considered mostly in his project of expansion. Even though the firm has no capability to regulate economic conditions, James should be aware of its effects on the expansion plan (Sofat 2016). He should however try come up with accurate forecast of interest rates, inflation as well as other factors which are likely to ensure the success of the expansion. Market share and strategy While venturing into new areas like James planning to enter into steel products, he should be aware of his clients as the firm may be in trouble when the market is composed of just a few customers. In market situations where customers are just a few, the firm can suffer when all decide to switch the competitor (Sofat 2016). James and the colleagues should come up with a robust marketing strategy which can help the organization get and hold on the identified customers. James has to expand his market research and identify whether the product they want to venture in has high demand. According the provided case study, James has concluded various additional costs in the expansion, however, apart from normal business costs, he should include outlays such as taxes, employee benefits, holidays as well as other costs related to absenteeism, insurance liabilities as well as training of the new employees (Ferrera et.al 2014). Conclusion Business growth and expansion is not an easy task and it requires massive effort as well as time to achieve. As a friend to James, the first thing I must let him have in mind as an entrepreneur is that, expansion of the business will only make sense when the current project is shaping up right towards the optimal and potential level with straight line success. And for this to happen he must also consider the above mentioned factors. Reference Ferrera, G. R., Alexander, M. M., Wiggins, W. P., Kirschner, C., and Darrow, J. J. 2014. The legal and ethical environment of business: an integrated approach. Sofat, R. 2016. Strategic financial management. [Place of publication not identified], Prentice-Hall of India.

Young Goodman Brown Goodman Brown Essay Example For Students

Young Goodman Brown Goodman Brown Essay Young Goodman Brown is a moral story that is told through the perversion of a religious leader. In Young Goodman Brown, Goodman Brown is a Puritan minister who lets his excessive pride in himself interfere with his relations with the community after he meets with the devil, and causes him to live the life of an exile in his own community. Young Goodman Brown begins when Faith, Browns wife, asks him not to go on an errand. Goodman Brown says to his love and (my) Faith that this one night I must tarry away from thee. When he says his love and his Faith, he is talking to his wife, but he is also talking to his faith to God. He is venturing into the woods to meet with the Devil, and by doing so, he leaves his unquestionable faith in God with his wife. He resolves that he will cling to her skirts and follow her to Heaven. This is an example of the excessive pride because he feels that he can sin and meet with the Devil because of this promise that he made to himself. There is a tremendous irony to this promise because when Goodman Brown comes back at dawn; he can no longer look at his wife with the same faith he had before. We will write a custom essay on Young Goodman Brown Goodman Brown specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When Goodman Brown finally meets with the Devil, he declares that the reason he was late was because Faith kept me back awhile. This statement has a double meaning because his wife physically prevented him from being on time for his meeting with the devil, but his faith to God psychologically delayed his meeting with the devil. The Devil had with him a staff that bore the likeness of a great black snake. The staff which looked like a snake is a reference to the snake in the story of Adam and Eve. The snake led Adam and Eve to their destruction by leading them to the Tree of Knowledge. The Adam and Eve story is similar to Goodman Brown in that they are both seeking unfathomable amounts of knowledge. Once Adam and Eve ate from the Tree of Knowledge they were expelled from their paradise. The Devils staff eventually leads Goodman Brown to the Devils ceremony which destroys Goodman Browns faith in his fellow man, therefore expelling him from his utopia. Goodman Brown almost immediately declares that he kept his meeting with the Devil and no longer wishes to continue on his errand with the Devil. He says that he comes from a race of honest men and good Christians and that his father had never gone on this errand and nor will he. The Devil is quick to point out however that he was with his father and grandfather when they were flogging a woman or burning an Indian village, respectively. These acts are ironic in that they were bad deeds done in the name of good, and it shows that he does not come from good Christians. When Goodman Browns first excuse not to carry on with the errand proves to be unconvincing, he says he cant go because of his wife, Faith. And because of her, he can not carry out the errand any further. At this point the Devil agrees with him and tells him to turn back to prevent that Faith should come to any harm like the old woman in front of them on the path. Ironically, Goodman Browns faith is harmed because the woma n on the path is the woman who taught him his catechism in youth, and was still his moral and spiritual adviser. The Devil and the woman talk and afterward, Brown continues to walk on with the Devil in the disbelief of what he had just witnessed. Ironically, he blames the woman for consorting with the Devil but his own pride stops him from realizing that his faults are the same as the womans. .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 , .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 .postImageUrl , .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 , .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2:hover , .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2:visited , .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2:active { border:0!important; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2:active , .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2 .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue66f4d93154133b05d3954e564f128a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo And Juliet: Fate Or Free Will EssayBrown again decides that he will no longer to continue on his errand and rationalizes that just because his teacher was not going to heaven, why should he quit my dear Faith, and go after her. At this, the Devil tosses Goodman Brown his staff (which will lead

U.S. history essays

U.S. history essays Why did American nativist groups oppose free, unrestricted immigration in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? I think there are many reasons why American nativists did not want immigrants to come to America. They feared that they would take most of the jobs; they feared that there would be a lot of racial discrimination; they feared that they would loose their religion, but I think the biggest thing Americans feared was to change. I think they feared change in many ways; in their religion, in their society, in their government, and many other things. They feared that if enough immigrants came then their religion would disappear because, I dont think any foreigners were protestant, the main religion in the United States at the time. If enough immigrants came then they would automatically change the American society to adapt to their own, what ever it was. If they got control of the society then it would not be too hard to change the government, when they got control of the government then they would change the American government to adapt to their government. They also feared that they would loose their jobs because the immigrants were willing to work for a smaller wage then the Americans. They were probably willing to work for a smaller wage because to them the American dollar was worth a lot more then whatever type of currency they had back in their countries. For example, if you are a store owner and you get two applicants for the same job, you will get the same amount of work out of both of them, but one of them is asking for a smaller wage, you tell me, which one would you hire. Oh yeah, you were almost guaranteed that the immigrant would never join a union or go on a strike. I think that if you are not willing to undergo change then you will never get ahead in life. If you were an American then you should of used the immigrants to your advantage. One out of hun ...

Plastic Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Plastic Surgery - Essay Example This ideal person is usually someone of a mid-20ish age, slender, with specific measurements and a certain good-looking charm. This limited view automatically rejects anyone with a larger bone structure or other ‘defect’ from being socially acceptable. Those who can both afford to purchase the ‘right’ look and who are fortunate enough to be a candidate for surgery are seen to have the ideal life. Their outward appearance automatically indicates they also have wealth, happiness and freedom. However, even for these people, this restricted view of the ideal has several negative effects on the individual as well as society. With so much attention given to the way a person looks on the outside as being the only social measure, there is very little room for internal characteristics to receive their rightful attention. People also spend so much time obsessing about the way they look that there is little time or energy for personal development. This shallow, obsessi ve view can be especially seen in the alarming numbers of teenagers, both male and female, seeking plastic surgery, because it can be potentially harmful to the individual’s psychological nature and physical health, and as it is perpetuated by their role models and peers and encouraged or supported by their parents and elders. As it becomes more socially acceptable, more people are turning to cosmetic surgery to enhance their bodies while they’re still attending high school. They are working to construct the ideal form without giving their bodies a chance to finish growing. Many adolescents (and the parents that allow them to seek these types of surgery) don’t seem to realize that plastic surgery is still surgery. Surgery of any type can have significant physical and physiological risks, especially when performed on bodies that have not yet completed their growth cycle. Although some parents might argue that a child has definitely finished growing, doctors have reported sending

Identify the role of State Legislators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Identify the role of State Legislators - Essay Example Under current law if a vehicle or vessel is driven recklessly and causes a serious bodily injury it is a fourth degree crime. Serious bodily injury creates a large or substantial risk of death or causes disfigurement, protracted loss or impairment of any bodily member or organ (http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2010/Bills/A1000/676_S1.PDF). That action causing physical pain, illness or impairment is ‘bodily injury.’ Bill A676 would upgrade this crime of assault to a crime of the third degree which in turn would qualify it for further and more severe prosecution. This would bring about an increase from imprisonment of up to 18 month and a possible fine of up to 10,000 to a three to five year term of imprisonment with a possible fine of up to 15,000. As a Police Officer it is possible to be influential in the passing of bills and creation of new laws by acting as advocates and supporting lobbyist who represent the criminal justice sector and its promotion. Criminal justice agencies are extremely important in getting bills through the Legislature with the use of media contacts and public appeal. This involves getting the general public on board and in agreement with criminal justice agencies and proposed changes or recommendations in laws. Frequently and unfortunately it takes a tragic act to attract attention to areas of the law which need improvement and a better balance. Criminal justice agencies should definitely have a say and opinion in which laws are passed and how and what resources are located to which departments, in order of importance and interest of the public. Agencies usually are on the front line when dealing with the issues that Legislators are merely discussing and reviewing. They are not such as the Officer who constantly sees faulty policy or complete lack of policy in some cases and are best able to recognize the difference and improvements possible through the use of the agencies

Fast Food Popularity in China Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Popularity in China Essay Examine the reasons for the popularity of fast food restaurants in your country. When, why, and how have these restaurants become so popular? (Cause) Demonstrate the impact of this popularity on your country’s culture, i. e. , food, health, economy, lifestyle. (Effect) You will need to do some research on the fast food chains growth, menus, nutritional background, business models, and perhaps more. Your research should include more than one fast food restaurant. Recently, McDonald’s announced their plan to expand outlets from 1300 to 2000 by the end of 2013 in China. It is reported that the main purpose is to compete with KFC, which is the largest quick service restaurant brand in China with over 4,200 restaurants in more than 850 cities across China. The growing huge market and politic strategies taken by restaurants make fast food popular in China; this in turn has a great influence on China’s economy, culture and health. There are several of causes for fast food popular in China. On the first place, the growing market and industry attract plenty of fast food restaurants. Chinas fast food market worth over 700 billion yuan in the last year and had a rapid speedabout 12 percent in the past several years. Furthermore, the market is estimated to grow to 1400 billion yuan by 2015. The second main cause of this popularity is some strategies taken by fast food brands especially localization. Take KFC for example, the brand adds many localized product like Beijing Chicken Roll, tomato egg soup and corn salad to meet Chinese consumers demand. The popularity also brings some effects especially for Chinese culture. First, the change reflects on food consumption habits. For example, Yum! China’s menu is dominated by meat-rich food except for breakfast. Furthermore, fast foods are becoming affordable by most people so that the brand opens almost one third of its restaurants in countryside. Second, traditional wedding has been influenced with wedding services provided by some fast food brands. Nowadays, to compare with Chinese traditional, extravagant and tawdry weddings, more and more young people in China prefer smaller, easier and cheaper weddings. Many fast food restaurants contribute to this tendency like McWedding offered by McDonald’s, which is held by restaurant assistants with a more intimate and less costly way. In short, fast food popularity has an effect on Chinese eating habit and wedding tradition. Also, the popularity has an effect on economy. For one thing, it increases the revenues for economy. The revenue of fast food industry in 2011 is $74. 8 billion which benefits the economy in turn. More important thing is that the revenue will keep growing at the rate of 14. -15. 0% in the next five years. For another thing, it influences the agriculture. With the explosive development of fast food industry, many grain farms are out of use. In 2011, there are roughly 700 thousand hectares of arable land are reconstructed to raise livestock or fowl instead of growing grains. As a result, China needs to rely more on importation and increase grain imports. In 2010, China imported 927 (1000 MT) wheat, while in 2012, nearly 3200 (1000 MT) wheat were imported. It is obvious that the popularity benefits China’s revenue while harming the agriculture foundation. Finally, the popularity also carries two problems for people’s health: obesity and diabetes. The number of overweight people has grown from 18 to 100 million in the last 5 years with the rapid development of fast food industry. As a result, many complications like high blood pressure and diabetes become more common in China. Take diabetes for example, there are over 92 million adults suffer from diabetes and the costs of diabetes make up nearly 1. % of GDP. It is undeniable that fast food restaurants make Chinese people cost a lot on their health especially on the treatment of diabetes. In conclusion, the pursue towards maximum profits and proper strategies contribute to the popularity of fast food in China, as a result, China’s culture, economy and Chinese health. In the foreseeable future, the popularity of fast food will last for a lone time and will have long-term effects in china.

Why Modern Monsters Have Become Alien to Us :: Papers

Why Modern Monsters Have Become Alien to Us Late autumn has arrived and with it comes the dark magic of Halloween--and, of course, the murky thrill of monsters. Yet our appetite for a good monster knows no season. Ever since ancient times we have been fascinated with all sorts of tales about monsters and intrigued by myths and legends about those wild half-human beasts who haunt the edges of our forests and lurk in the recesses of our oceans. The sphinxes, minotaurs, and sirens of early mythology gave way to Beowulf's Grendel and Saint George's dragon, then to the mermaids, trolls, and one-eyed giants of our fairy and folk tales, and finally to those 19th-century Gothic classics. Nor are these stories on the wane, for the monster tales that made Lon Chaney, Boris Karloff, and Bela Lugosi stars of the silver screen continue to draw megacrowds six and seven decades later. In 1994 Kenneth Branagh and Robert DeNiro brought us the latest reincarnation of Shelley's story of Frankenstein's tortured creature, and Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt starred in "Interview with a Vampire," the first installment of Ann Rice's homage to Stoker'sDracula. Meanwhile, Andrew Lloyd Weber's musical production of Gaston Leroux's "Phantom of the Opera" continues to pack in audiences from London to L.A. Much of the initial appeal of monster stories comes from the fact that they, like their twisted siblings, "creature features" and "slashers," both terrify and fascinate us with their ghoulish brand of horror. It's the rattling-the-tiger's-cage kind of thrill that Scout and Jim Finch got from sneaking onto Boo Radley's porch under a pale moon. Reading or watching great monster stories, we get to accompany the frightened heroes or heroines as they descend into the dragon's lair; crane our necks over the tops of books or movie seats and peek into the dank recesses of the giant cyclops' cave; stretch out our trembling hands and actually touch the monster's reptilian scales, hairy paws, or cloven hoofs; and then run screaming like a banshee the instant it wakes from its slumber. What a rush! As frightening as these creatures are, in monster stories it is always the beast that ends up taking the fall, which means that this is a place where we not only get to tangle with evil's most daunting and dangerous minions but to vanquish them with regularity. Pretty heady stuff.

Activity-Based Costing (Abc); Hunter Company

Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company Emmanuel Achirem ACC 560-Managerial Accounting Dr. Lotfi Geriesh Strayer University 08/04/2012 Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 1 Introduction Over the past two decade’s adoption of Activity-Based Costing ABC has been tossed around like a hot potato by every size and type of organization. It was adopted by organizations ranging in size from huge multi-national companies like General Motors to the much smaller Alexandria Hospital. Lanen, Anderson, & Maher, 2011) Some companies began the initial processes but stopped short of actual implementation when they discovered more time and resources were needed to effect the change so management ran from it just as they had run from quality improvement concepts from the seventies and eighties. (Romano, 1990) Was this because ABC was not a good fit for the organization or was there a deeper issue? These organizations knew they were not adequately capturing the costs of activities ye t they final cost could be. T.J Rodgers who founded Cypress Semiconductor wrote: â€Å"The seeds of business failure are sown in good times, not bad†¦Growth masks waste, extravagance, and inefficiency. The moment growth slows, the accumulated sins of the past are revealed all the way to the bottom line. † (Clemmer, 1992) Given the competitive nature of business today organizations both big and small cannot long afford to ignore the 900 pound gorilla in the room. The goal of this paper is to discuss Time-driven ABC cost system can be implemented and how it has benefited some companies such as Hunter Company.The system was not widely accepted in the beginning, but ABC has play major role in cost accounting today and has help some managers to combat corporate resistance to change when trying to implement it. Operating managers have known for many years that while the traditional costing approach was inaccurate; and archaic it was close enough. Today, because of the global a nd high speed Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 2 nature of the business environment, the errors of conventional costing are systematic and can affect too many decisions.Time-driven ABC is not a hypothetical improvement to traditional ABC analysis. It has been applied in dozens of companies, helping them to deliver significant profit improvements quickly. The Hunter Company (disguised name of actual company), a large, multinational distributor of scientific products with over 20 facilities, 300,000 customers, and 460,000 product SKUs, processes more than one million orders each month. Hunter already had an existing activity-based costing model that had been built with the assistance of an external consulting team.The insights revealed from the model were extremely informative but many in the company questioned if the view was worth the climb. Their main complaints can be summarized as follows: †¢ The model had been cumbersome to build and maintain. With more than 1,0 00 activities, the monthly survey of department staff of where they had spent their time was complex and costly. Also, tracking the driver quantities for each activity and customer was difficult. †¢ The model did not reconcile with actual financials since activity cost driver rates had not been updated recently. Despite the already large number of activities, the model was still not considered accurate or granular enough. It did not reflect several important differences between orders. To increase accuracy, more activities would have to be added, and employees would have to be re-interviewed. Also, an additional data extract to track the quantities of the new cost drivers would be required. The existing ABC approach was not easily maintainable, and thus not sustainable.The company called in a software and consulting company to help it implement the time-driven ABC approach. The time-driven approach led to the following changes: For a department, such as the inside sales departm ent, the previous ABC model required employees to estimate, each month, the percentage of their time spent on their three activities: customer set-up, order entry, and order expediting. In the time-driven approach, the ABC team estimated the time required to perform each activity.For example, the activity to set-up a new customer took 15 minutes. Since a field already existed within Hunter’s ERP system that identified whether a customer was new, assigning a customer set-up cost to a new customer became a simple transaction. For order entry, the team learned that every order took about five minutes to enter the basic order information, plus three minutes for each line item on the order. Again this was a simple calculation to implement since the ERP system already tracked the number of line items for each order.Finally, the team learned that order expediting was triggered by a request by the customer to rush the shipment, resulting in an additional 10 minutes of time to coordin ate the expediting. The order included a field that identified it is a â€Å"rush order. † The project team could write a simple equation to estimate the Inside Sales Department time required for each order received: Inside Sales Process Time = 15*[New Customer] + 5 + 3*[Number of Line Items] + 10*[Rush]The Inside Sales Department cost for the order was obtained by multiplying this time by the cost per minute of Inside Sales Department resources. This process was replicated in each department to arrive at the total cost of producing, handling, and fulfilling the order. Note that once the team had created the Inside Sales Process algorithm, it did not need to continually re-interview personnel. Each period, the costs of the department would be assigned based on the volume and nature of the transactions it handled.Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 4 The Hunter Company identified the following benefits from shifting its ABC model to the time-driven approach. †¢ I t reduced the number of activities to maintain. It transformed 1,200 activities (e. g. , set-up new customer, enter orders, expedite orders) to 200 department specific processes (e. g. , the equation used to estimate Inside Sales Department time). Also, it could easily update the resource cost of each cost center and departments so that its process costs were accurate and current. Its cost estimates were more accurate since they were based on actual observations of processing time and actual transaction data, not subjective estimates on where and how people spent their time †¢ It was easier to increase model accuracy and granularity, when wanted, for high cost and heterogeneous processes. Adding more elements to the time equation enabled managers to easily add more variety and complexity to the model when required. This enabled managers to identify specific SKUs, customers, and processes where improvements could be made. The model was easier to validate. The calculated total pr ocess time, based on all transactions in a period, could be reconciled to head count (resources supplied during the period). If the total process time exceeded the actual resources supplied, managers received a signal that some of their unit times were likely too high. If total calculated process time was well below the time supplied, but employees felt they were working at or beyond capacity, managers learned that some of their unit times were under-estimated or employees were working less efficiently than anticipated.Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 5 †¢ The model provided explicit information on processes operating at or beyond capacity, and those operating well below capacity. Managers could take action to relieve bottlenecks expected to persist in future periods, or act to reduce capacity in departments where any unused capacity was expected to persist for several periods into the future. Today, it takes two people, two days per month to load, calculate, valida te and report findings, compared to the 10-person team spending over 3 weeks to maintain the previous model.Employees now spend time generating increased profits from the information rather than just updating and maintaining the information. Over the past 15 years, activity-based costing has enabled managers to see that not all revenue is good revenue, and not all customers are profitable customers. Unfortunately, the difficulties of implementing and maintaining traditional ABC systems have prevented activity-based cost systems from being an effective, timely, and up-to-date management tool. The time-driven ABC approach has overcome these difficulties.It offers managers a methodology that has the following positive features: 1. Easy and fast to implement 2. Integrates well with data now available from recently installed ERP and CRM systems 3. Inexpensive and fast to maintain and update 4. Ability to scale to enterprise-wide models 5. Easy to incorporates specific features for partic ular orders, processes, suppliers, and customers Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 6 6. More visibility to process efficiencies and capacity utilization 7.Ability to forecast future resource demands based on predicted order quantities and complexity These characteristics enable activity-based costing to move from a complex, expensive financial systems implementation to becoming a tool that provides meaningful and actionable data, quickly and inexpensively, to managers. In conclusion, we can see that the methodology behind Activity-Based Costing is sound, and can result in sometimes great savings to a company willing to take the time, effort and expense to implement a plan.Although there are some pitfalls to the process, with perseverance and a solid commitment from management, ABC can be of great benefit to a manufacturing company. Activity-based Costing (ABC) Hunter Company, 7 References C. Argyris and R. S. Kaplan, â€Å"Implementing New Knowledge: The Case of Activity -Based Costing,† Accounting Horizons (September 1994): 83-105. Journal of Cost Management (Winter 1989): 34-46; R. Cooper and R. S. Kaplan, â€Å"Measure Costs Right: Make the Right Decisions,† Harvard Business Review (September-October 1988). http://www. hbs. edu/research/facpubs/workingpapers/papers2/0304/04-0

The Politicization Of Accounting The Impact Of Politics...

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